Bacterial Proteins Show Semiconductor Potential for Green Electronics
A Sustainable Alternative to Silicon
A newly discovered property of bacterial shell proteins could revolutionize the future of electronics. Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, have found that these naturally self‑assembling proteins can act as light‑driven semiconductors, paving the way for safe, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly devices.
Traditional semiconductors such as silicon are indispensable in modern technology but come with drawbacks: they are rigid, require high‑energy processing, and contribute significantly to electronic waste. With growing demand for wearables, implantable devices, and green sensors, researchers are exploring softer, sustainable alternatives.
The Discovery
Led by Dr. Sharmistha Sinha, along with student researchers Ms. Silky Bedi and Mr. S. M. Rose, the INST team investigated bacterial proteins that naturally form stable, flat 2D sheets. These sheets contain electron density patterns and aromatic residues, raising the question of whether they could be intrinsically photoactive.
The team discovered that when these proteins assemble into thin films, they absorb UV light and generate electrical current—without the need for dyes, metals, or external power sources. In effect, the protein sheets behave like scaffold‑free semiconductors, similar to materials used in electronic circuits and sensors.
How It Works
The phenomenon relies on the proteins’ internal structure. They contain tyrosine, a natural amino acid capable of releasing electrons when excited by light. As UV light strikes the sheet, electrons and protons move across the protein surface, producing an electrical signal. This process mimics the operation of a miniature solar cell, but without synthetic additives or high‑temperature manufacturing.
Implications for Electronics
The discovery opens new possibilities for eco‑friendly electronics, from mobile phones and smartwatches to medical instruments and environmental sensors. By harnessing naturally occurring proteins, researchers envision devices that are soft, sustainable, and biocompatible, reducing reliance on silicon and cutting down on electronic waste.
Outlook
This breakthrough highlights the potential of bio‑derived materials in reshaping the electronics industry. If scaled successfully, bacterial protein semiconductors could mark a turning point in the pursuit of green technology, offering a future where devices are not only smarter but also more sustainable.