Rwanda is currently fighting the Marburg virus disease outbreak, a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever that has killed 11 people so far.
Since the virus was first detected in Rwanda in late September, the country has recorded 36 cases of Marburg virus disease, according to Rwanda’s health ministry. This marks the first time the deadly virus has been reported in the east-central African nation.
Concerns about the virus spread internationally when a German medical student who had been in contact with an infected patient in Rwanda fell ill. Fortunately, both he and his companion tested negative for the virus.
What is Marburg Virus Disease?
Marburg virus disease is a highly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fever, closely related to the Ebola virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), its fatality rate ranges from 24% to 88%, depending on the virus strain and the quality of medical care available.
Currently, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for Marburg, and early supportive care, including rehydration and symptom management, is the only treatment option.
While Marburg has surfaced in several African countries in the past, this outbreak is a first for Rwanda.
Previous outbreaks have been deadly, with notable incidents in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania in 2023, and significant outbreaks in Angola from 2004 to 2005, where over 200 people died, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1998 to 2000, which resulted in more than 100 deaths.
Symptoms of Marburg Virus Disease
Marburg virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever, with symptoms appearing suddenly. After an incubation period of two to 21 days, patients may experience high fever, severe headaches, muscle aches, nausea, and diarrhea.
The disease also impairs the body’s ability to clot blood, leading to internal bleeding. In the most severe cases, death occurs within eight or nine days, often due to multi-organ failure.
Global Risk
Although the virus poses a serious threat in Africa, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reassured the public that the risk to Americans remains low.
However, the spread of Marburg beyond Africa is a constant concern due to its high mortality rate and lack of specific treatment options.